Setting up a PA system is a challenging task. Offices, schools, hospitals, parking lots, and other institutions require an efficient PA system so it can easily communicate to everyone with minimal effort. Without a PA system, alerting anyone concerned would be a great challenge. The old, analog PA system still works because it requires only a mic, amplifier, and distributed speakers to reach as many people as possible. It’s also relatively affordable and simpler to set up, ev

IPv4 has been the Internet’s backbone since the early 80s. Every device connected to a network and/or the internet uses IPv4 to transmit data successfully. Although the next-generation Internet Protocol, IPv6, is gaining traction every year, IPv4 remains the widely used protocol for network communication worldwide.   The use of IPv4 to maintain efficient network communication worldwide is highly commended. However, widespread adoption without consideration for the next genera

Travelling to the US in 2026 could become more intrusive thanks to the latest notice from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Department of Homeland Security. According to the US Government’s Federal Register , individuals from countries covered by the US Visa Waiver Program will have to “provide their social media from the last 5 years” and “High Value Data Elements.”   The notice is one of the measures by the current administration to improve border security. I

The GDPR, or General Data Protection Regulation, is a powerful data privacy law enacted by the European Union. According to its official website , it “is the toughest privacy and security law in the world” because of its strict regulation on data collection for individuals and businesses within the EU. Regulation implementation started in 2018, and non-compliance means hefty fines. Meta, Amazon, TikTok, and Uber have been fined millions for non-compliance with GDPR.   The GDP

An IPv4 address is a vital asset for online and network communication. Government entities and other institutions secure IPv4 addresses to maintain and secure their connectivity. Because of its role on the internet, owning this has also been the goal of individuals with nefarious intentions.   Such is the case in Ukraine, whose years-long war with Russia has devastated the country on many fronts. While the obvious is often seen in the news - nearly daily attacks on large citi

Your IP address is important data for your network and internet connectivity. Without it, your device can’t connect to the network because it’s the data that notifies the network and the internet of your device. Your router, ISP, websites, and other online services use IP addresses to identify every device connected to them.   Unfortunately, IP addresses are also a popular commodity for cyberattacks. Hackers compromise home IP addresses and use them as botnets for attacks suc

A DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) is a powerful cyberattack against websites and online services. When successful, a DDoS can bring down any website or online service by overwhelming the target with massive data requests. Government websites, important institutions, and popular apps are often the target of this type of cyberattack.   As the internet evolves, the target of attack and its scale have also increased. According to Bleeping Computer , a massive DDoS attempt wa

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is one of the major identifiers of devices connected to the network and/or the internet. For the unfamiliar, an IP address is composed of four groups of numbers 0 to 255 separated by a dot (e.g., 192.168.0.1). Each connected device is assigned a unique IP address to ensure smooth data transactions within the network. Devices connected to the internet are also given a unique IP address for better data transmission and location identification.